Natural attenuation, sometimes called "intrinsic remediation," is an increasingly important component of site closure strategy. At first maligned as a "do nothing alternative," natural attenuation is now being recognized as a legitimate approach that can supplement and sometimes even supplant more costly approaches. Having gained more widespread acceptance as an option at hydrocarbon-contaminated sites, natural attenuation is now beginning to emerge as an option for sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents and other recalcitrant compounds such as MTBE. Natural Attenuation: Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds brings together the latest research and field applications, with chapters covering field characterization and monitoring, transformation processes, natural attenuation of MTBE, and a number of natural attenuation case studies.
Foreword
Section 1 : Transformation Processes in Natural Attenuation Chapter 1 : Biodegradation Potential of DNAPL with Mixed Halogenated C2-Compounds Chapter 2 : Intrinsic Dechlorination of 1,2-Dichloroethane at an Industrial Site Chapter 3 : Modeling Bacterial Adhesion and Shearing in Porous Media Chapter 4 : Influence of Soil Organic Matter on the Fate of Trichloroethylene Chapter 5 : Anaerobic and Aerobic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents in a Freshwater Wetland Chapter 6 : Increased Dissolved Barium Produced by Intrinsic Biodegradation of Organics Chapter 7 : TCE Cometabolism by Ammonia-Oxidizing Biofilms Grown Under Near-Oligotrophic Conditions Chapter 8 : Analysis of Intrinsic, Aerobic Bioremediation of TCE Using Basalt-Based Microcosms Chapter 9 : Nitrifying Bacteria as "Priming" Catalysts for the Biodegradation of Xenobiotics Chapter 10 : Anaerobic Transformation of TCE Driven by Organo-Silicon Compounds Chapter 11 : Assessment of Heavy Metal Inhibition of Reductive Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene Chapter 12 : Attenuation of PCE : Induced Anoxic Versus Existing Oxic Conditions Chapter 13 : Natural Attenuation of Mono- and Dichlorobenzenes in Anaerobic Surface Sediments at the Petro Processors Site Chapter 14 : Field Scale Applications to Demonstrate Natural and Enhanced Transformations of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Chapter 15 : Preliminary Microbial Respiration Study on Contaminated Wetland Sediments Chapter 16 : Molecular and Metabolic Characterization of a 3-Chlorobenzoate-Degrading Anaerobic Microbial Community Chapter 17 : Relationships Between the Trichloroethylene-Degrading Activities and the Amino Acid Sequences of Phenol Hydroxylases in Phenol-Degrading Bacteria
Section 2 : Field Characterization/Monitoring for Natural Attenuation Chapter 18 : Extensive Remediation Concepts Based on Natural Attenuation Chapter 19 : Characterization of the Retention Zone Chapter 20 : Total Alkalinity as a Bioremediation Monitoring Tool Chapter 21 : Real-Time Assay for TCE in Water Samples Chapter 22 : Application of an Innovative Method for Visualizing Natural Attenuation Chapter 23 : Isotopic Tracers of Degradation of Dissolved Chlorinated Solvents Chapter 24 : A Two-Phased Approach to the Evaluation of Natural Attenuation Chapter 25 : Natural Attenuation Selected as Remedial Alternative for Chlorinated Solvent Site in Florida Chapter 26 : Intrinsic Remediation at Former Lindane Production Facility Chapter 27 : Commingled Plume Identification Based on Natural Attenuation : A Case Study Chapter 28 : Assessment of Intrinsic Biodegradation of Multiple Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Chapter 29 : Assessing Intrinsic Remediation of TCE Using a Novel Field Approach Chapter 30 : Practical Issues in Field Sampling and Analysis for Natural Attenuation Assessments Chapter 31 : PCE Degradation Near Petroleum-Contaminated Sites Chapter 32 : Measuring Mn 2 in Groundwater Natural Attenuation Studies
Section 3 : Modeling Natural Attenuation Chapter 33 : An Expert System to Evaluate TCE Sites for Natural Attenuation Chapter 34 : Evaluating the Natural Attenuation of Transient-Source Compounds in Groundwater Chapter 35 : Full-Scale Field Application of a Coupled Biodegradation-Redox Model (BioRedox) Chapter 36 : TCE and 1,2-DCE Biotransformation Inside a Biologically Active Zone Chapter 37 : Modeling Intrinsic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater Chapter 38 : Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Aliphatics at the Naval Air Engineering Station, Lakehurst, NJ. Chapter 39 : BIOCHLOR : A Planning-Level Natural Attenuation Model and Database for Solvent Sites
Section 4 : Natural Attenuation Case Studies Chapter 40 : Field Evidence for Intrinsic Bioremediation of Trichloroethene in a Carbonate Aquifer Chapter 41 : Remediation Life Cycle at an EDC Spill Site Chapter 42 : Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in an Unconfined Dolomite Aquifer Under Oxic Conditions Chapter 43 : Intrinsic Cometabolism of Carbon Tetrachloride with Gasoline: Regulatory Site Closure Chapter 44 : Modification of Remedial Methods to Preserve the Benefits of Natural Attenuation Chapter 45 : Intrinsic Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Nonchlorinated VOCs at a RCRA Landfill Chapter 46 : Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvent-Contaminated Groundwater Chapter 47 : Natural Attenuation of PCE and TCE : A Case Study Chapter 48 : Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents - Technical and Regulatory Issues Chapter 49 : Potential for Natural Attenuation of Chloroethenes in Fractured Basalt Chapter 50 : Natural Attenuation of 1,2-Dichloroethane and Chloroform in Groundwater at a Superfund Site Chapter 51 : Intrinsic Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Co-Contaminated Groundwater Plumes at the Naval Air Station Fallon, Nevada
Section 5 : Natural Attenuation of MTBE Chapter 52 : Cometabolism of MTBE by Alkane-Utilizing Microorganisms Chapter 53 : Natural Attenuation of MTBE at the Borden Field Site Chapter 54 : Natural Attenuation of BTEX and MTBE Under Complex Hydrogeological Conditions Chapter 55 : Biodegradation of MTBE in a Pilot-Scale Biofilter