The Book of Steel

Steels play an essential role in economic life throughout the world, and our part of our daily life. Their versatility is such that we find them in automobiles, domestic appliances, buildings, packaging and numerous other applications. The aim of this work is to reveal the many possibilities offered by modern low carbon sheet steels, and to describe the significant progress made over the last decade. The steels considered generally contain less than one per cent of alloying elements. Their properties are largely determined by the manufacturing conditions to produce the required microstructures and surface chemistries. With advances in melting techniques, continuous casting, thermomechanincal processing, heat treatment and coating technology, the product ranges are continually being updated. This text summarizes the scientific knowledge behind the development and production of these new steels and goes on to present the ensuing practical applications. It is intended as a work of instruction and the authors reveal the multiple facets of the materials. Some 96 different authors including scientists, teachers, engineers and marketing specialists have contributed to this work on modern low carbon sheet steels. It provides a thorough and up-to-date review of the development and manufacture of sophisticated sheet steels, together with a detailed description of their applications. All aspects of product manufacture are covered, including future trends in continuous casting.

Foreword
Preface

Part 1 : General Aspects of Steel
Chapter 1 : The History of Carbon Steels
Chapter 2 : Functional Properties and Choice of Materials
Chapter 3 : The Uses of Steel
Chapter 4 : Recycling and Environmental Balances

Part 2 : Crystallography, Microstructure, Equilibrium Diagrams
Chapter 5 : Crystallography
Chapter 6 : Phase Transformations and Microstructures
Chapter 7 : Deformation of Single Crystals and Polycrystals

Part 3 : Functional Properties
Chapter 8 : Hardness
Chapter 9 : Tensile Properties
Chapter 10 : Fracture Toughness
Chapter 11 : Fatigue Resistance
Chapter 12 : Creep Strength
Chapter 13 : Corrosion
Chapter 14 : Oxidation
Chapter 15 : Resistance of Low Alloy Steels to H2S Embrittlement-Mechanisms and Controlling Factors Grades for Sour Gas Service
Chapter 16 : Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steels
Chapter 17 : Corrosion-Fatigue
Chapter 18 : The Tribology of Sheet Metal Forming
Chapter 19 : The Physical Properties of Iron

Part 4 : Surfaces
Chapter 20 : What is a Surface?
Chapter 21 : Surface Analysis and Characterization Techniques
Chapter 22 : Surface Reactions of Steels During Heat Treatment
Chapter 23 : Intrinsic and Functional Properties of Surfaces

Part 5 : Surface Treatments and Coatings
Chapter 24 : Pickling
Chapter 25 : Temporary Protection
Chapter 26 : Hot Dep Metallizing
Chapter 27 : Electroplating
Chapter 28 : Vacuum Coating Techniques
Chapter 29 : Conversion Coatings
Chapter 30 : Organic Coatings
Chapter 31 : Process Engineering

Part 6 : Secondary Processing
Chapter 32 : General Aspects of the Secondary Processing of Steels
Chapter 33 : Rapid Blanking Processes
Chapter 34 : Drawing
Chapter 35 : Sheet Forming for Packaging Applications
Chapter 36 : Roll Forming
Chapter 37 : Spinning
Chapter 38 : Welding
Chapter 39 : Adhesive Bonding
Chapter 40 : Other Joining Techniques
Chapter 41 : Chemical and Electrochemical Coatings and Surface Treatments
Chapter 42 : Phosphating and Painting
Chapter 43 : Varnishing and Printing of Packaging Steels

Part 7 : The Major Families of Plain Carbon Sheet Steels
Chapter 44 : Structural Steels
Chapter 45 : Steels for Drawing and Cold Forming
Chapter 46 : Steels for Small Gauge Welded Tubes
Chapter 47 : Pressure Vessel Steels
Chapter 48 : Enamelling Steels
Chapter 49 : Coated Steels
Chapter 50 : Packaging Steels
Chapter 51 : Steel Products for the Building Trade
Chapter 52 : Steels for Magnetic Applications
Chapter 53 : Sandwich Materials
Chapter 54 : Standardization

Part 8 : The Manufacture of Plain Carbon Sheet Steels
Chapter 55 : General Aspects of Steelmaking
Chapter 56 : Iron Production
Chapter 57 : Melting and Refining of Steel
Chapter 58 : Casting and Solidification
Chapter 59 : Reheating and Hot Rolling
Chapter 60 : Cold Rolling and Annealing
Chapter 61 : Coatings
Chapter 62 : Measurement and Inspection
Chapter 63 : Emerging Developments
Chapter 64 : Raw Materials in the Steel Industry

Partie 9 : By Way of Conclusion
Chapter 65 : The Age of Time