Productivity Management : A Practical Handbok

No company or organisation can continue to exist unless it maintains a competitive
level of productivity. Companies which do not succeed in this are doomed to fail
through stagnation and then bankruptcy. Productivity is the most important long-term
resource, not only for the success of orgnisations and individuals but also for national
economic and social development. It is also a measure of the efficiency of managers.

This book offers a new, refreshing approach to productivity: why it is important, and
how to manage and measure it. Productivity should be the starting-point of any business
or management decision: it should be planned, organised, implemented, measured and
corrected. In other words, Productivity has to be managed.

The book deals in a stimulating way with such productivity improvement programmes as action
learning, quality circles, inter-firm comparisons, and business clinics. The reader will
also find information on the most important areas in which productivity can be improved - quality
maintenance, waste reduction and human resource management - and on number of techniques
which have been field-tested by enterprises and in ILO projects in developed and developing
countries. Managers, management consultants and those responsible for the development of human
resources will find this book a valuable, practical guide to productivity, while those
who work in national institutions or government organisations will benefit from the information
given on the experience of national and international productivity centres and associations in
organising productivity drives, movements and campaigns.

Preface
Foreword

Part I Productivity:Nature, role and sources

Chapter:1 Productivity: Concept Pefinition
What is Productivity?
The Importance and role of Productivity

Chapter:2 Productivity Improvement Factors
Internal Factors of Enterprise Productivity
Hard Factors
Soft Factors
External Factors affecting Enterprise Productivity
Structural Adjustments
Natural Resources
Government and Infrastructure

Chapter:3 Productivity Analysis
An approach to productivity Appraisal
Total Productivity
Labour Productivity
Government and Public Sector Productivity Appraisal
Comparing and Analysing Productivity
Productivity Analysis in the Enterprise
The Kurosawa Structural Approach
Lawlor's Approach
Gold's Approach
Quick Productivity Appraisal Approach (QPA)
Inter-Firm Comparison (IFC)
Some Problems of Productivity Analysis

Part II Improving Productivity

Chapter:4 Managing Organisation Effectiveness
General Considerations
Productivity Improvement Strategy
The basic Structure of Productivity Improvement
Major Management Responsibilities
Productivity Improvement Programmes (PIP): Concept and Key Elements
Definition
Programme objectives
When to use Productivity Improvement Programmes
The main Elements of Productivity Improvement Programmes
Organisational Approaches to Productivity Improvement Programmes
Approach 1: The ILO OD/PIP Approach
Approach 2: The ALA Performance Improvement Programme
Case 1: The Meralco Productivity Improvement Programme
Case 2: Blue Circle Industries PLC
Major variations of Productivity Improvement Programmes
Action Learning Programmes (ALP)
In-plant Action Learning
Productivity Improvement Circles (PIC)
Performance Action Team Process (PAT)
The Inter-Firm Comparison and Business Clinic Approach (IFC/BCA)

Chapter:5 Productivity Improvement Techniques
Industrial Engineering Techniques and Economic Analysis
Work Study
Work Simplification
Pareto Analysis
Just-in-time Method
Management through Value Analysis
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Zero-based Budgeting
Cost-Productivity Allocation
Behavioural Techniques
Organisation Development
Brainstorming
Force-Field Analysis
Nominal Group Technique

Part III Concentrating on vital areas

Chapter:6 Improving the use of Capital Resources
Waste Reduction and Energy Conservation Programmes
Some Important Principles
Energy Conservation Programmes
Energy Management
Case Study: Ewekoro Cement Works, Nigeria
Maintenance Improvement
How to Design a Maintenance System
Training in Maintenance Improvement
Case study: Improving Availability of Shot-Blasting Plant (India)
Improving Productivity Through Quality
Quality and Productivity
Total Quality Control Concept and Quality Management
Quality Circles
Case Study: Quality Circles Programme at Hughes Aircraft

Chapter:7 Effective Human Resource Management
Management of People
The Role of Management
Manpower Motivation
Workers' Participation
Productivity Training
Work Organisation

Chapter:8 Productivity Promotion at the National Level
National Efforts in Productivity Drives
The Role of Government in Productivity Growth
Education and Training Policy
National Mechanisms for Promoting Institutional Productivity
Productivity Campaigns
Labour-Management Relations and the Productivity Movement
International Co-operation and the Productivity Movement
The ILO Role in Productivity Promotion
the European Association of National Productivity Centres
"MECOPOR" - Latin America
The Asian Productivity Organisation

Bibliography
Index