Power System Restoration : Methodologies & Implementation Strategies

"At a time when bulk power systems operate close to their design limits, the restructuring of the electric power industry has created vulnerability to potential blackouts. Prompt and effective power system restoration is essential for the minimization of downtime and costs to the utility and its customers, which mount rapidly after a system blackout.

Power System Restoration meets the complex challenges that arise from the dynamic capabilities of new technology in areas such as large-scale system analysis, communication and control, data management, artificial intelligence, and allied disciplines. It provides an up-to-date description of the restoration methodologies and implementation strategies practiced internationally. The book opens with a general overview of the restoration process and then covers :

• Techniques used in restoration planning and training
• Knowledge-based systems as operational aids in restoration
• Issues associated with hydro and thermal power plants
• High and extra-high voltage transmission systems
• Restoration of distribution systems
• Power System Restoration is essential reading for all power system planners and operating engineers in the power industry. It is also a valuable reference for researchers, practicing power engineers, and engineering students."

Preface

Part 1. : Restoration Overview
Chapter 1.01. : Power System Restoration—A Task Force Report
Chapter 1.02. : Power System Restoration—The Second Task Force Report
Chapter 1.03. : Analytical Tools for Power System Restoration—Conceptual Design
Chapter 1.04. : System Operations Challenges
Chapter 1.05. : Power System Restoration Issues
Chapter 1.06. : Special Considerations in Power System Restoration
Chapter 1.07. : New Approaches in Power System Restoration
Chapter 1.08. : A Hierarchical Interactive Approach to Electric Power System Restoration
Chapter 1.09. : Special Consideration in Power System Restoration—The Second Working Group Report
Chapter 1.10. : Steam Plant Startup and Control in System Restoration
Chapter 1.11. : An AGC Implementation for System Islanding and Restoration Conditions
Chapter 1.12. : Analytical Tool Requirements for Power System Restoration
Chapter 1.13. : A Framework for Power System Restoration Following a Major Power Failure

Part 2 : Restoration Techniques
Chapter 2.01. : Cold Load Pickup
Chapter 2.02. : Physically Based Modeling of Cold Load Pickup
Chapter 2.03. : Blackstart Utilization of Remote Combustion Turbines, Analytical Analysis, and Field Test
Chapter 2.04. : Overvoltage Control During Restoration
Chapter 2.05. : Reactive Capability Limitation of Synchronous Machines
Chapter 2.06. : An Approach to Standing Phase Angle Reduction
Chapter 2.07. : Nuclear Plant Requirements During Power System Restoration
Chapter 2.08. : Protective System Issues During Restoration
Chapter 2.09. : Remote Cranking of Stream Electric Stations
Chapter 2.10. : Optimizing Generator Reactive Power Resources
Chapter 2.11. : Asymmetry Issues in Power System Restoration
Chapter 2.12. : Frequency Response of Prime Movers During Restoration
Chapter 2.13. : Energizing High and Extra-High Voltage Lines During Restoration

Part 3 : Restoration Planning
Chapter 3.01. : System Restoration Plan Development for a Metropolitan Electric System
Chapter 3.02. : Role of Interactive and Control Computers in the Development of a System Restoration Plan
Chapter 3.03. : System Restoration—Deploying the Plan
Chapter 3.04. : Power System Restoration Planning
Chapter 3.05. : A Systematic Method for Power System Restoration Planning
Chapter 3.06. : From Generic Restoration Actions to Specific Restoration Strategies
Chapter 3.07. : Estimating Restoration Duration

Part 4 : Restoration Training
Chapter 4.01. : Development of a Large-Scale Dispatcher Training Simulator and Training Results
Chapter 4.02. : Dispatcher Training Simulators—Lessons Learned
Chapter 4.03. : The Uses of an Operator Training Simulator for System Restoration
Chapter 4.04. : An Advanced Transportable Operator Training Simulator
Chapter 4.05. : Restoration Simulator Prepares Operators for Major Blackouts
Chapter 4.06. : Bulk Power System Restoration Training Techniques
Chapter 4.07. : Experiences Using the Dispatcher Training Simulator as a Training Tool
Chapter 4.08. : Verification of an Advanced Power System Restoration Support System Using an Operator Training Simulator
Chapter 4.09. : Evaluating a Restoration Tool Using Consolidated Edison's Training Simulator
Chapter 4.10. : System Restoration Guidelines : How to Set-up, Conduct, and Evaluate a Drill
Chapter 4.11. : Power System Restoration Training Questionnaire Results

Part 5 : Specific System Restoration
Chapter 5.01. : Low Voltage Bulk Power System Restoration Simulation
Chapter 5.02. : Summary of System Restoration Plan for the Pacific Northwest Power System
Chapter 5.03. : Field Experiences in Reenergization of Electrical Networks from Thermal and Hydro Units
Chapter 5.04. : System Restoration at Philadelphia Electric Company
Chapter 5.05. : Service Restoration Following a Major Failure on the Hydro-Quebec Power System
Chapter 5.06. : Policies for Restoration of a Power System
Chapter 5.07. : Restoration in Sweden and Experience Gained from the Blackout of 1983
Chapter 5.08. : Simulation and Field Tests of the Black Start of a Large Coal-Fired Generating Station Utilizing Small Remote Hydro Generation
Chapter 5.09. : Power System Restoration Incorporating Interactive Graphics and Optimization
Chapter 5.10. : Simulations and Field Tests of a Reactor Coolant Pump Emergency Start-up by Means of Remote Gas Units
Chapter 5.11. : Major Incidents on the French Electric System : Potentially and Curative Measures Studies
Chapter 5.12. : Black-start and Restoration of a Part of the Italian HV Network : Modeling and Simulation of a Field Test
Chapter 5.13. : Interactive Long-Term Simulation for Power System Restoration Planning
Chapter 5.14. : Analysis of the Power Blackout of June 8, 1995 in the Israel Electric Corporation

Part 6 : Knowledge-Based Systems
Chapter 6.01. : Development of a Knowledge-Based System for Power System Restoration
Chapter 6.02. : Development of a Guidance Method for Power System Restoration
Chapter 6.03. : The Development of Power System Restoration Methods for a Bulk Power System by Applying Knowledge Engineering Techniques
Chapter 6.04. : Implementation of a Real-Time Expert System for a Restoration Guide in a Dispatching Center
Chapter 6.05. : Guiding a Power System Restoration with an Expert System
Chapter 6.06. : Knowledge-Based Systems as Operational Aids in Power System Restoration
Chapter 6.07. : Operational Experience and Maintenance of a On-Line Expert System for Customer Restoration and Fault Testing
Chapter 6.08. : A Knowledge-Based Method for Making Restoration Plan of Bulk Power System
Chapter 6.09. : Generation Capability Dispatch for Bulk Power System Restoration : A Knowledge-Based Approach
Chapter 6.10. : Expert System Requirements for Power System Restoration
Chapter 6.11. : Tie Line Utilization During Power System Restoration
Chapter 6.12. : Power System Restoration by Joint Usage of Expert System and Mathematical Programming Approach
Chapter 6.13. : A Petri Net Algorithm for Scheduling of Generic Restoration Actions
Chapter 6.14. : Hierarchical Time-Extended Petri Nets as Generic Tool for Power System Restoration
Chapter 6.15. : Decision Aid Function for Restoration of Transmission Power Systems : Conceptual Design and Real Time Considerations

Part 7 : Distribution System Restoration
Chapter 7.01. : Adaptation of the Simplex Algorithm to Modeling of Cold Load Pickup of a Large Secondary Network Distribution System
Chapter 7.02. : Statistical Synthesis of Physically Based Load Models with Applications to Cold Load Pickup
Chapter 7.03. : Effects of Cold Load Pickup at the Distribution Substation Transformer (R. Wilde).
Chapter 7.04. : An Expert System Operational Aid for Restoration and Loss Reduction of Distribution Systems
Chapter 7.05. : A New Algorithm for Service Restoration in Distribution Systems
Chapter 7.06. : Heuristic Search Approach to Distribution System Restoration
Chapter 7.07. : Distribution Transformer Overloading Capability under Cold-Load Pickup Conditions
Chapter 7.08. : MARS : An Aid for Network Restoration After a Local Disturbance
Chapter 7.09. : An Analytical Approach for Step-by-Step Restoration of Distribution Systems Following Extended Outages
Chapter 7.10. : Knowledge-Based Behavior Interface : Its Application to Power Restoration Support System
Chapter 7.11. : An Object-Oriented Approach for Implementing Power System Restoration Package
Chapter 7.12. : Distribution System Design Optimization for Cold Load Pickup
Chapter 7.13. : Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration for Service Restoration and Load Balancing
Chapter 7.14. : Application of Expert System to Power System Restoration in Sub-control Center

Author Index
Subject Index
About the Editor
About the Authors