The demand for water is increasing world over to increase agricultural production to meet the needs for growing population. Thus, judicious use of water is inevitable to achieve the production targets in a sustainable manner. Microirrigation coupled with other improved water management practices enhances the efficiency of water use and the system is useful for improving nutrients’ use efficiency. Microirrigation also improves the quality of produce the reduces incidence of pests and diseases. Microirrigation is effective for utilising even poor quality water, which is otherwise unfit for growing of crops. In India, there has been substantial improvement in adoption of this modern technology for increasing production and productivity, and in the process of development, various issues have surfaced. Therefore, it is essential to take stock of the situation and bring about all the information together, which could be utilised for the improvement of this modern technology for large-scale adoption. This book-’Microirrigation’, is an attempt to compile the scattered information on various aspects and provide an overview of the research and developmental efforts in different parts of the world. The topics covered in the book include emerging global trend, current status, design and development, automation of microirrigation, application in fruits, vegetables, plantation crops, greenhouse, fertigation, crop water requirement, utilisation of poor quality water and techno-economic feasibility. The articles in the book have been contributed by eminent scientists in the field of microirrigation both at national and international levels, like Dr. G.A. Cornish, Dr. H.P. Singh, Dr. Anwar Alam, Dr. A.P. Savva, Shri B.H. Jain, Prof. H.S. Chauhan, Dr. R.K. Sivanappan and others. The information contained in this book could prove to be a useful document to the researchers, policymakers, drip system manufacturers and those involved in promoting the technology at the field level.
Foreword
Preface
Emerging Trend, Current Status of Microirrigation International and National Scenario Chapter 1 : Microirrigation System – Past, Present and Future Chapter 2 : Emerging Scenario of Microirrigation in India Chapter 3 : Microirrigation Technologies – Indian Experience and Issues Involved in Its Promotion Chapter 4 : Flow Irrigation to Microirrigation, A Journey on Path of Prosperity and Equity through Optimum Use of Scarce Water Resource Chapter 5 : Drip Irrigation in India – Current Status and Future Needs Chapter 6 : Microirrigation – Need of the 21st Century for Conserving India’s Water Resources Chapter 7 : Scope and Need for Introducing Microirrigation in Parambikulam and Aliyar Project (PAP) in Tamil Nadu Chapter 8 : An Overview of Status, Potential and Research Accomplishments of Drip Irrigation in Karnataka Chapter 9 : Clogged Emitters and Hydraulic Characteristics in Microirrigation Lateral Laid on Flat and Sloped Terrain Chapter 10 : Drip Irrigation : A Better Alternative for Squeezing Scarce Water in Indian Arid Region Chapter 11 : Applied Design Principles and Considerations for Microirrigation System
Design, Development and Automation of Microirrigation Chapter 12 : Pressurized Irrigation Technologies for Small Holders Chapter 13 : Development of Microirrigation in India Chapter 14 : Wetting Front Advance for Varying Rates of Discharge from a Trickle Source Chapter 15 : Field Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance of Drip Irrigation System Chapter 16 : Evaluation of On-line Trickle Irrigation Emitter Barb Losses Chapter 17 : Wetted Front Advancement under Surface Line Source Condition Chapter 18 : “Fan-Jet” Microsprayer Irrigation – A Proven Water Management Technology in Indian Condition Chapter 19 : Performance Evaluation of Micro Jets Chapter 20 : Standardization and Quality Assurance of Microirrigation Systems Chapter 21 : Irrinet and Single Cable Module System for the Automation in Microirrigation System – A Case Study Chapter 22 : Design and Development of an Efficient Valve Control System for Automatic Irrigation Set Up Chapter 23 : Automation in Microirrigation Systems Chapter 24 : Automation of Microirrigation Systems Chapter 25 : Comparison of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Determined by Field Dripper with Other Conventional Methods Chapter 26 : Selection of Optimal Lateral Length for Canewall Irrigation System Chapter 27 : Multistage Submerged Pump – Heart of any Irrigation System Chapter 28 : Validity of Ben-Asher Hemispherical Model for Predicting Wetted Front Advancement for Surface Point Trickle Source in Highly Pervious Soil Chapter 29 : Compensated Drip Lateral – A New Technology Chapter 30 : Soil Moisture Distribution in Subsurface Canewall Irrigation Chapter 31 : Automation of Microirrigation Systems Chapter 32 : Need for Automatic Water Spraying System for Mushroom Growing
Microirrigation Application in Fruit Crops Chapter 33 : Microirrigation in Fruit Crops for Improving Productivity Chapter 34 : Microirrigation Systems for Palms Chapter 35 : Microirrigation and Fertigation in Fruit Crops Chapter 36 : Water, Nutrient and Root Distribution of Sweet Orange as Influenced by Drip Irrigation and Micronutrient Management Chapter 37 : Efficiency of Microirrigation Systems in Relation Chapter 38 : Effect of Drip Irrigation Regimes and Plastic Mulch on Plant Growth, Yield and Irrigation Water Requirement of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in Midhills of Himalayas Chapter 39 : Microirrigation in Fruit Crops in India Chapter 40 : Response of Drip Irrigation and Black Plastic Mulching on Young Mango Trees Chapter 41 : Studies on Drip Irrigation Installation for Litchi in Bhabhar Region of Uttar Pradesh Chapter 42 : Studies on Performance of Drip Irrigat6ed Kinnow Orchard in South-Western Punjab – A Case Study Chapter 43 : Computerized Drip Irrigation Project for Cotton-growing on Large Scale – A Case Study Chapter 44 : An Indigenous Microirrigation Subsurface System of Irrigation for Establishment of Trees in Hyperdesertic Conditions Chapter 45 : Studies on Effect of Combined Microirrigation Systems on Growth and Yield of Sweet Lime
Microirrigation – Application in Vegetables, Ornamental Crops Greenhouse and Other Closely-Spaced Crops Chapter 46 : Indian Experiences of Microirrigation Research in Some Vegetable Crops – A Review Chapter 47 : Effect of Microirrigation on Yield of Vegetable Crops and Related Issues Chapter 48 : Economic Feasibility of Microirrigation Systems for Various Vegetables Chapter 49 : Comparative Performance of Drip Irrigation for Vegetable and Cotton in Heavy Soils with Shallow Watertable Chapter 50 : Effect of Irrigation Regimes in Cauliflower under Drip and Surface Irrigation System Chapter 51 : Efficient Water Management with Microirrigation Systems for Sugarcane Chapter 52 : Response of Cotton and Castor to Drip Irrigation System and Its Feasibility in Narmada Command Area Chapter 53 : Response of Biometric Yield of Bottlegourd under Microirrigation Chapter 54 : Feasibility Study of Drip Irrigation Coupled with Solar Photo Voltaic Pumping System Chapter 55 : Response of Microirrigation on Various Vegetable Crops Chapter 56 : Effect of Microsprinkler and Surface Irrigation Methods on Yield and Quality of Potato Chapter 57 : Water – Use Efficiency and Yield Attributes of Trickle Fertigated Potatoes Chapter 58 : Response of Potato under Drip Irrigation and Plastic Mulching
Fertigation in Microirrigation Chapter 59 : Status and Issues of Fertigation in India Chapter 60 : Management of Irrigation and Fertigation under Greenhouses in India Chapter 61 : Microirrigation and Fertigation Management Under Arid and Semi – Arid Saurashtra Chapter 62 : Increasing Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Broccoli through Fertigation Chapter 63 : Effect of Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Onion Chapter 64 : Microirrigation and Fertigation in Onion Chapter 65 : Effect of Fertigation with Normal and Water-soluble Fertilizers Compared to Drip and Furrow Methods on Yield Fertilizer and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in chilli Chapter 66 : Chilli Yield as Related to Water and Nitrogen Management under Drip irrigation System Chapter 67 : Effect of Drip Fertigation System on Biomass, Oil Yield and Cost Economics in Rosemary Chapter 68 : Nutrient Mobility in Soil, Uptake, Quality and Yield of Suru Sugarcane as Influenced by Fertigation through Drip in Medium Vertisols Chapter 69 : Effect of Sprinkler Fertigation with Normal and Water – Soluble NPK Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Geranium Chapter 70 : Effect of Water – Soluble Fertilizers Applied through Drip on Growth and Yield of Cotton Chapter 71 : Drip Irrigation – A Potential System for Micronutrient Application in Groundnut in Semi-Arid Region Chapter 72 : Status of Fertigation in Vegetable, Plantation and Cash Crops : A Review Chapter 73 : Effects of Water – Soluble Fertilizers through Drip and Planting Techniques on Growth, Yield and Quality of Banana Chapter 74 : Effects of Water – Soluble Fertilizers through Drip on Growth Yield and Quality of Suru Sugarcane
System Management and Application of Microirrigation in Degraded Land and Poor Water Quality Chapter 75 : Pressurized Irrigation Systems for Enhancing Water and Crop Productivity under Saline Irrigation Chapter 76 : Effect of Water Quality and Irrigation Management on Emitter Clogging in South-East of Iran Chapter 77 : Subsurface Drip Irrigation of Secondary Waste Water with Minimal Risks Chapter 78 : Watershed Management – A Case Study Chapter 79 : Reclamation of Clogged Trickle Emitters through Chemical Treatments Chapter 80 : Minimization of Cost of Drip System for Field Crops Chapter 81 : Water Filtration for Microirrigation System Chapter 82 : Performance of Emitter under Clay Loam Soil of Madhya Pradesh Chapter 83 : Climatological and Crop Growth Stage Based Drip Irrigation Schedules for Major Crops of Gujarat Chapter 84 : Drip Irrigation – A Method to Utilize Domestic Waste Water for Sustainable Crop Management Chapter 85 : Salt Accumulation in Soil Due to Waste Water Irrigation through Drip Irrigation
Crop Water Requirements in Microirrigation Irrigation Scheduling Chapter 86 : Crop Water Requirements for Microirrigated Crops Chapter 87 : Drip Irrigation Schedule for Orchards, Vegetable Crops and Spices Chapter 88 : Irrigation Scheduling and Point of Application through Drip Irrigation to Guava Chapter 89 : Evaluation of Water Requirement of Mango Chapter 90 : Comparison of Drip and Furrow Irrigated Cotton on a Red Soil
Development of Sprinkler Irrigation Chapter 91 : Determinants of Sprinkler Irrigation System Chapter 92 : Planning and Design of Hand-moved Sprinkler Irrigation System – A Practical Approach Chapter 93 : Drag Reducing Polymers : A Novel Application in Sprinkler Irrigation System for Reduction of Energy Requirement and Percolation Rate of Soil Chapter 94 : Effect of Sprinkler Irrigation on Performance of Wheat and Gram in Narmada Command Area Chapter 95 : Evaluation of Different Irrigation Methods in Robusta Coffee Chapter 96 : Performance of Rabi-cum-Hot Weather Groundnut under Sprinkler Irrigation with Broad Bed Furrow Planting Technique Chapter 97 : Effect of Sprinkler Irrigation on Performance of Summer Groundnut Variety ICGS – 11 Chapter 98 : Optimization of Sprinkler Irrigation Spray Pattern and Overlapping for Maximizing Coefficient of Uniformity
Feasibility and Economics of Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation Chapter 99 : Economic Returns from Investment in Drip Technology – A Critique Chapter 100 : Economics of Drip Irrigation in India Chapter 101 : Economic Evaluation of Drip Irrigation – A Study of Maharashtra Chapter 102 : Economic Viability and Social Acceptance of Microirrigation in Maharashtra Chapter 103 : Techno-Economic Feasibility of Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation in Canal Command Chapter 104 : Drip Irrigating Micro Plots in India – IDE’s Vision
