Diffuse Scattering and the Fundamental Properties of Materials

Diffuse Scattering—the use of off-specular X-Rays and neutrons from surfaces and interfaces—has grown rapidly as a tool for characterizing the surface properties of materials and related fundamental structural properties. It has proven to be especially useful in the understanding of local properties within materials. This new book reflects the efforts of physicists and materials scientists around the world who have helped to refine the techniques and applications of diffuse scattering. Major topics specifically covered include:

• Scattering in Low Dimensions,
• Elastic and Thermal Diffuse Scattering from Alloys
• Scattering from Complex and Disordered Materials,
• Scattering from Distorted Crystals

The reader will find new research on how diffuse scattering has led to a better understanding of the size of atoms and their mechanical properties as they affect crystalline and quasi-crystalline behavior. Also, important new findings are presented on the use of diffuse scattering for better understanding the damaging effects of ionizing radiation to metals and alloys as well as nonmetallic materials. The book concludes with remarks on future directions for diffuse scattering and for diffraction measurements and methods in general.

Preface

Part I : Scattering in Low Dimensions
Chapter 1 : Diffuse Scattering from Surfaces, Interfaces, and Thin Films
Chapter 2 : Diffuse X-ray Scattering from Semiconductor Nanostructures
Chapter 3 : X-ray Scattering from Antiphase and Orientation Boundaries in III-V Semiconductor Ternary Alloy Films
Chapter 4 : X-Ray Studies of Thermally Grown Thin Vitreous SiO2 Over Si(001)
Chapter 5 : Ordered and Disordered Surface Phases of Bi on Cu(111)
Chapter 6 : Nonlinear Evolution of Surface Morphology in Short-Period Superlattices

Part II : Elastic and Thermal Diffuse Scattering from Alloys
Chapter 7 : On the Sizes of Atoms
Chapter 8 : Elastic Diffuse Scattering of Alloys: Status and Perspectives
Chapter 9 : X-ray Diffuse Scattering Near Bragg Reflections for the Study of Clustered Defects in Crystalline Materials
Chapter 10 : Probing Phonons and Phase Transitions in Solids with X-ray Thermal Diffuse Scattering

Part III : Scattering from Complex and Disordered Materials: Experiments and Theory
Chapter 11 : Diffuse Scattering from Molecular Crystals
Chapter 12 : Diffuse Scattering and Phason Modes in Icosahedral
Chapter 13 : Structural Disorder in Quasicrystals
Chapter 14 : Diffuse Scattering From Quasicrystals: Short-Range Order, Atomic Size Effect, and Phason Fluctuations
Chapter 15 : Ab Initio Test of the Hume-Rothery Electron-Concentration Rule for Gamma-Brasses
Chapter 16 : The Role of Chemical and Displacement Pair Correlation in the Determination of Higher-Order Correlation
Chapter 17 : Recent Advances in the Study of Complex Materials by Neutron Scattering

Part IV : Scattering from Distorted Crystals
Chapter 18 : The Role of Diffuse Scatterings in Understanding and Controlling Radiation-Induced Swelling of Nonmetallic Materials
Chapter 19 : Small-Angle Scattering from Dislocation Structures
Chapter 20 : Inhomogeneous Lattice Modulations and Fermi-Surface Effects in Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide Superconductors

Part V : Final Remarks
Chapter 21 : Dynamical Bragg and Diffuse Scattering Effects and Implications for Diffractometry in the Twenty-First Century

Index
List of Contributors