ASM Handbook Volume 14B : Metalworking : Sheet Forming

This comprehensive reference on sheet metal forming and fabrication provides state-of-the-art reference information for product and production engineers. Coverage addresses all methods of sheet metal fabrication technologies, selection of equipment and die materials, specification of forming practices for specific alloys, and new techniques for process design and control.

This Volume provides you with practical reference information on the basic processes of press forming, drawing, bending, spinning, shearing, blanking, and piercing of sheet with additional coverage on forming with bar, tube, wire, shapes, or long parts. New content areas include :

• Expanded coverage on computer-based methods for process simulation and control
• Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) forming and material developments
• Expanded coverage on the evaluation and mitigation of springback and the troubleshooting of formability problems
• Rapid prototyping and die-less flexible manufacturing techniques such as thermal forming and peen forming
• Updates on cold-work powder metallurgy tool steels and tool coatings
• Updates and addition of practical reference information on basic operations of bending, press forming, and press brake forming
• Application of tailor weld blanks
• New process related developments in superplastic forming and conventional forming of aluminum, titanium, nickel, magnesium, and refractory alloys
• Recent process modifications in hydroforming and high-velocity metal forming

Foreword
Policy on Units of Measure
Preface
Authors and Contributors

Section 1 : Introduction
Introduction to Sheet-Forming Processes
Design for Sheet Forming

Section 2 : Shearing, Cutting, Blanking, and Piercing
Cutting Operations
Principles of Shearing, Blanking, and Piercing
Shearing of Sheet, Strip, and Plate
Flattening, Leveling, Slitting, and Shearing of Coiled Product
Selection of Materials for Shearing, Blanking, and Piercing Tools
Trimming Operations
Other Cutting Methods
Oxyfuel Gas Cutting
Electric Arc Cutting
Laser Cutting
Abrasive Waterjet Cutting
Blanking and Piercing
Blanking and Piercing
Blanking of Low-Carbon Steel
Piercing of Low-Carbon Steel
Blanking and Piercing of Electrical Steel Sheet
Fine-Edge Blanking

Section 3 : Equipment for Forming of Sheet Metal
Presses and Auxiliary Equipment for Forming of Sheet Metal
Press Brakes
Die Sets
Press Feeders
Multiple-Slide Machines and Tooling

Section 4 : Tooling and Lubrication for Forming of Sheet, Strip and Plate
Wear and Lubrication of Sheet-Metal Forming Dies
Selection and Use of Lubricants in Forming of Sheet Metal
Selection of Materials for Press-Forming Dies
Selection of Materials for Deep-Drawing Dies
Die Manufacture by Electrical Discharge Machining
Progressive Dies

Section 5 : Forming Processes for Sheet, Strip and Plate
Bending of Sheet Metal
Press-Brake Forming
Deep Drawing
Stretch Forming
Superplastic Sheet Forming
Spinning
Rubber-Pad Forming and Hydroforming
Three-Roll Forming
Contour Roll Forming
High-Velocity Metal Forming
Drop Hammer Forming
Thermal Forming of Sheet and Plate
Peen Forming
Age Forming

Section 6 : Forming of Bar, Tube, and Wire
Shearing of Bars and Bar Sections
Bending of Bars and Bar Sections
Bending and Forming of Tubing
Straightening of Bars, Shapes, and Long Parts
Straightening of Tubing
Forming of Wire

Section 7 : Sheet Forming of Specific Metals
Forming of Carbon Steels
Forming of Advanced High-Strength Steels
Forming of Steel Tailor-Welded Blanks
Press Forming of Coated Steel
Forming of Steel Strip in Multiple-Slide Machines
Forming of Stainless Steel
Forming of Aluminum Alloys
Flanging of Aluminum
Forming of Beryllium
Forming of Copper and Copper Alloys
Forming of Magnesium Alloys
Forming of Nickel and Cobalt Sheet Alloys
Forming of Refractory Metals
Forming of Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Section 8 : Formability Analysis
Formability Testing of Sheet Metals
Troubleshooting Formability Problems Using Strain Analysis

Section 9 : Process Design for Sheet Forming
Constitutive Equations
Springback
CAD/CAM and Die Face Design in Sheet Metal Forming
Computer-Aided Engineering in Sheet Metal Forming
Modeling and Simulation of the Forming of Aluminum Sheet Alloys
Statistical Analysis of Forming Processes
Process and Feedback Control for Manufacturing
Rapid Prototyping for Sheet-Metal Forming

Section 10 : Reference Information
Glossary of Terms
Useful Formulas for Deformation Analysis and Workability Testing
Steel Hardness Conversions
Nonferrous Hardness Conversions
Metric Conversion Guide
Abbreviations and Symbols
Index